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Avro Bison
The Avro 555 Bison was a British single-engined fleet spotter/reconnaissance aircraft built by Avro.
==Development and design==
The Bison was designed to meet the British Specification 3/21 for a carrier based fleet spotter and reconnaissance aircraft. An order for three prototypes was placed in October 1921, together with three of the competing design from Blackburn Aircraft, the Blackburn Blackburn.〔Harlin 1983, p.41.〕 Avro's design, the Type 555 Bison, was a two-bay biplane, powered, like the Blackburn, by a Napier Lion engine. The deep slab-sided fuselage was constructed of steel tube, with the pilot sitting in an open cockpit forward of the wings, and the engine cowling sloping steeply down ahead of the pilot. An enclosed cabin with large rectangular windows on each side housed the navigator and radio operator and all their equipment, with sufficient headroom to stand upright, while a cockpit for a gunner armed with a Lewis gun on a Scarff ring was provided in the rear fuselage. The upper wings were mounted directly on the top of the fuselage.〔Jackson 1990, p.204.〕
The first prototype flew in 1921,〔 with an order for 12 Bison Is following.〔Harlin 1983, p.43.〕 The aircraft had handling problems, however, caused by interference of the pilots cockpit with the airflow over the upper wing. This was resolved by revising the wing design of the second prototype, raising the centre section of the upper wing by 2 ft (0.6 m) and removed dihedral from the upper wings, flying in this form in April 1923.〔Harlin 1983, pp.45-45.〕 Further production orders followed with these modification incorporated as the Bison II,〔Harlin 1983, p.46.〕 while some Bison Is were modified to a similar standard, sometimes known as the Bison IA.〔Harlin 1983, p.47.〕 A Bison I was fitted with floats and retractable wheels but tests proved the design was not suitable for seaborne use.〔Jackson 1990, p.205.〕
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